Old Calendarist / Genuine Orthodox / True Orthodox Jurisdictions: Summaries, Locations, and Current Communion
This Article will be for the purpose of gathering very basic Introduction Information about each True Orthodox Jurisdiction / Synod and Information on where you could attend a Church and/or get into contact with Members and Clergy of the True Orthodox Church.
Below is a Link to Two Maps of where one could find a Parish, Church, and or True Orthodox Cathedral. Since Maps only allows 10 Categories, instead of just one Map, there are Two in order to fit the few extra Jurisdictions.
๐๐๐ ๐๐๐ ๐๐๐ ๐ถ๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐ ๐ก / ๐บ๐๐๐ข๐๐๐ ๐๐๐กโ๐๐๐๐ฅ / ๐๐๐ข๐ ๐๐๐กโ๐๐๐๐ฅ ๐ถโ๐ข๐๐โ ๐ฝ๐ข๐๐๐ ๐๐๐๐ก๐๐๐๐ ๐๐๐ ๐กโ๐๐๐ ๐ฟ๐๐๐๐ก๐๐๐๐ – https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=47.94172305803801%2C18.283791076300737&z=5&mid=197O7zz2-MCud9LWXZ8isuKglhk9m080
๐๐๐ ๐๐๐ ๐๐กโ๐๐ ๐๐๐ ๐ถ๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐ ๐ก / ๐บ๐๐๐ข๐๐๐ ๐๐๐กโ๐๐๐๐ฅ / ๐๐๐ข๐ ๐๐๐กโ๐๐๐๐ฅ ๐ถโ๐ข๐๐โ ๐ฝ๐ข๐๐๐ ๐๐๐๐ก๐๐๐๐ ๐๐๐ ๐กโ๐๐๐ ๐ฟ๐๐๐๐ก๐๐๐๐ – https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?ll=37.78497292425866%2C-41.11713498599336&z=4&mid=1AhpA8V0Kh5JqtPpyOEV90XWLAU-eYMc
The following will be a List of all True Orthodox Jurisdictions, who Formally and Informally Communes with who, what is their Synodal and Official Stance on how they view the Question of Grace within the Mainline Jurisdictions / Patriarchates aka Global Orthodoxy, and a quick Summary of their History for basic knowledge.
• Formal Communion is the same as Eucharist Communion and is a signed and sealed agreement of Two Synods to Commune and Concelebrate with each other. This is just the same as how the Serbian Orthodox Church communes with the Bulgarian Orthodox Church and vice versa for instance.
• Informal Communion is moreover an unsaid view, which sometimes varies but majority of Bishops would generally agree to without some Formal Synodal Statement, of various Bishops of one Synod having a general unsaid rule which allows their Laity to partake in the Eucharist of another Synod despite not Formally Communing or Concelebrating. One can say it is a 'Communion on the Lay Level'.
• When it comes to Grace, True Orthodox Synods have abit of a variation on the view of Grace within the Mainline Jurisdictions / Patriarchates (Or in TO Spheres referred to as Global Orthodoxy) since the relatively recent division between True Orthodox Jurisdictions and the Patriarchates. The Majority of True Orthodox Synods hold an 'Agnostic View' meaning, as it stands now, that while True Orthodox Synods don't affirm and confirm they 100% have Grace, they dont openly say they have 0 Grace and are Graceless just as Roman Catholics or Protestants. They hold an unsure stance for now unless the Patriarchates delve into some more issues which surpass a threshold of 'going to far' or they get rid of some of their problematic issues which helped to cause the Division.
• A few True Orthodox Synods such as GOC Makarios and the Russian Orthodox Autonomous Church hold more to a Hardline Stance on Grace aka they view the Patriarchates as being Graceless or void of Grace, at this point in time, which is the same view held by Orthodox concerning Roman Catholics or Protestants and etc.
• Some True Orthodox Synods are claimed to be Semi 'Cyprianite' or 'Cyprianite', named after Metropolitan Cyprian Koutsoumpas of Oropos and Fyli who headed the Holy Synod in Resistance Synod (1985-2013), which is a view that the Patriarchates have Grace but they do not have the fullness of Grace and Orthodox ought to Commune with their Synods since they are in the correct in the division and hold full Grace instead until the Division is resolved in a Pan Orthodox Council or most Laity, and/or Clergy, come to their Synods.
Genuine Orthodox Church of Greece of the Kallinikos Synod (GOC-K)
• Also known as the 'Chrysostomos Synod' and 'HOTCA' in North America
• First Hierarch and Primate: Archbishop Kallinikos Sarantopoulos of Athens (2010)
• Predecessor Primates: Archbishop Chrysostomos II Kiousis (1986-2010), Archbishop Auxentios Pastras (1963-1985), Archbishop Akakios Papas (1962-1963), Metropolitan Chrysostomos Kavouridis (1935-1955)
• Formal and Eucharistic Communion: Old Calendarist Orthodox Church of Bulgaria (OCOCB), Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia of the Agafangel Synod (ROCOR-A),
• Informal Communion: Romanian Old Calendarist Orthodox Church (BOSVR), Russian Orthodox Church Abroad North America (ROCANA)
Genuine Orthodox Church of Greece of the Makarios Synod (GOC-M)
The following will be a List of all True Orthodox Jurisdictions, who Formally and Informally Communes with who, what is their Synodal and Official Stance on how they view the Question of Grace within the Mainline Jurisdictions / Patriarchates aka Global Orthodoxy, and a quick Summary of their History for basic knowledge.
• Informal Communion is moreover an unsaid view, which sometimes varies but majority of Bishops would generally agree to without some Formal Synodal Statement, of various Bishops of one Synod having a general unsaid rule which allows their Laity to partake in the Eucharist of another Synod despite not Formally Communing or Concelebrating. One can say it is a 'Communion on the Lay Level'.
• When it comes to Grace, True Orthodox Synods have abit of a variation on the view of Grace within the Mainline Jurisdictions / Patriarchates (Or in TO Spheres referred to as Global Orthodoxy) since the relatively recent division between True Orthodox Jurisdictions and the Patriarchates. The Majority of True Orthodox Synods hold an 'Agnostic View' meaning, as it stands now, that while True Orthodox Synods don't affirm and confirm they 100% have Grace, they dont openly say they have 0 Grace and are Graceless just as Roman Catholics or Protestants. They hold an unsure stance for now unless the Patriarchates delve into some more issues which surpass a threshold of 'going to far' or they get rid of some of their problematic issues which helped to cause the Division.
• A few True Orthodox Synods such as GOC Makarios and the Russian Orthodox Autonomous Church hold more to a Hardline Stance on Grace aka they view the Patriarchates as being Graceless or void of Grace, at this point in time, which is the same view held by Orthodox concerning Roman Catholics or Protestants and etc.
• Some True Orthodox Synods are claimed to be Semi 'Cyprianite' or 'Cyprianite', named after Metropolitan Cyprian Koutsoumpas of Oropos and Fyli who headed the Holy Synod in Resistance Synod (1985-2013), which is a view that the Patriarchates have Grace but they do not have the fullness of Grace and Orthodox ought to Commune with their Synods since they are in the correct in the division and hold full Grace instead until the Division is resolved in a Pan Orthodox Council or most Laity, and/or Clergy, come to their Synods.
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Genuine Orthodox Church of Greece of the Kallinikos Synod (GOC-K)
• Also known as the 'Chrysostomos Synod' and 'HOTCA' in North America
• First Hierarch and Primate: Archbishop Kallinikos Sarantopoulos of Athens (2010)
• Predecessor Primates: Archbishop Chrysostomos II Kiousis (1986-2010), Archbishop Auxentios Pastras (1963-1985), Archbishop Akakios Papas (1962-1963), Metropolitan Chrysostomos Kavouridis (1935-1955)
• Formal and Eucharistic Communion: Old Calendarist Orthodox Church of Bulgaria (OCOCB), Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia of the Agafangel Synod (ROCOR-A),
• Informal Communion: Romanian Old Calendarist Orthodox Church (BOSVR), Russian Orthodox Church Abroad North America (ROCANA)
Genuine Orthodox Church of Greece of the Makarios Synod (GOC-M)
• Also priorly known as the Lamian Synod
• First Hierarch and Primate: Archbishop Makarios Kavakidis of Athens (2004)
• First Hierarch and Primate: Archbishop Makarios Kavakidis of Athens (2004)
• Predecessor Primates: Archbishop Auxentios Pastras (1963-1985), Archbishop Akakios Papas (1962-1963), Metropolitan Chrysostomos Kavouridis (1935-1955)
• Formal and Eucharistic Communion: No Current Formal / Eucharistic Communion with any Orthodox Jurisdiction
• Informal Communion: Russian Orthodox Autonomous Church (ROAC), Romanian Old Calendarist Orthodox Church (BOSVR)
• Formal and Eucharistic Communion: No Current Formal / Eucharistic Communion with any Orthodox Jurisdiction
• Informal Communion: Russian Orthodox Autonomous Church (ROAC), Romanian Old Calendarist Orthodox Church (BOSVR)
Russian Orthodox Autonomous Church (ROAC)
• Also priorly known as the Free Russian Orthodox Church
• First Hierarch and Primate: Metropolitan Theodore Gineyevsky (2012)
• First Hierarch and Primate: Metropolitan Theodore Gineyevsky (2012)
• Predecessor Primates: Metropolitan Valentin Rusantsov (1994 - 2012), Metropolitan Vitaly Ustinov (1985 - 1994), Metropolitan Philaret Voznesensky (1965 - 1985), Metropolitan Anastasius Gribanovsky (1936-1964), Metropolitan Anthony Khrapovitsky (1920-1936)
• Formal and Eucharistic Communion: No Current Formal / Eucharistic Communion with any Orthodox Jurisdiction
• Informal Communion: Genuine Orthodox Church of Greece of the Makarios Synod (GOC-M), Romanian Old Calendarist Orthodox Church (BOSVR)
• Formal and Eucharistic Communion: No Current Formal / Eucharistic Communion with any Orthodox Jurisdiction
• Informal Communion: Genuine Orthodox Church of Greece of the Makarios Synod (GOC-M), Romanian Old Calendarist Orthodox Church (BOSVR)
Russian True Orthodox Church (RTOC)
• Also priorly known as the Free Russian Orthodox Church at one point
• First Hierarch and Primate: Archbishop Tikhon Pasechnik (2005)
• First Hierarch and Primate: Archbishop Tikhon Pasechnik (2005)
• Predecessor Primates: Archbishop Lazar Zhurbenko (2003-2005),
• Formal and Eucharistic Communion: No Current Formal / Eucharistic Communion with any Orthodox Jurisdiction
• Informal Communion: Unknown current permissible Informal Communion
• Informal Communion: Unknown current permissible Informal Communion
Russian Orthodox Church Outside of Russia of the Agafangel Synod (ROCOR-A)
• Also known as the Russian Orthodox Church Abroad (ROCA-A)
• First Hierarch and Primate: Metropolitan Agafangel Pashkovsky (2007)
• First Hierarch and Primate: Metropolitan Agafangel Pashkovsky (2007)
• Predecessor Primates: Metropolitan Laurus ล kurla (2001-2007), Metropolitan Vitaly Ustinov (1985-2001),
• Formal and Eucharistic Communion: Genuine Orthodox Church of Greece of the Kallinikos Synod (GOC-K), Old Calendarist Orthodox Church of Bulgaria (OCOCB),
• Informal Communion: True Orthodox Church of Russia (TOC-R), Genuine Orthodox Church of the Avlona Synod (GOC-A), Autonomous Metropolia of North and South America (Autonomous Metropolia)
• Informal Communion: True Orthodox Church of Russia (TOC-R), Genuine Orthodox Church of the Avlona Synod (GOC-A), Autonomous Metropolia of North and South America (Autonomous Metropolia)
Russian Orthodox Church Abroad North America (ROCANA)
• First Hierarch and Primate: Archbishop Andronik Kotlaroff (2015)
• Predecessor Primates: Metropolitan Agafangel (2007-2015), Metropolitan Laurus ล kurla (2001-2007), Metropolitan Vitaly Ustinov (1985-2001),
• Formal and Eucharistic Communion: Serbian True Orthodox Church (STOC), Romanian Old Calendarist Orthodox Church (BOSVR),
• Informal Communion: No known current permissible Informal Communion
• Informal Communion: No known current permissible Informal Communion
Romanian Old Calendarist Orthodox Church (BOSVR)
• Also known as the Romanian Old Calendarist Church of the Slฤtioara Synod and the Romanian Traditionalist Orthodox Church
• First Hierarch and Primate: Metropolitan Evloghie Nica (2024)
• First Hierarch and Primate: Metropolitan Evloghie Nica (2024)
• Predecessor Primates: Metropolitan Demosthenes Ioniศฤ (2022-2024), Metropolitan Vlasie Mogรขrzan (1992-2022), Metropolitan Silvestru Onofrei (1985-1992), Holy Metropolitan Glicherie Tฤnase (1959-1985), Metropolitan Galaktion Cordun (1954-1959)
• Formal and Eucharistic Communion: Russian Orthodox Church Abroad North America (ROCANA), Serbian True Orthodox Church (STOC),
• Informal Communion: Russian Orthodox Autonomous Church (ROAC), Genuine Orthodox Church of the Makarios Synod (GOC-M)
• Informal Communion: Russian Orthodox Autonomous Church (ROAC), Genuine Orthodox Church of the Makarios Synod (GOC-M)
Old Calendarist Orthodox Church of Bulgaria (OCOCB)
• Also known as the Bulgarian Old Calendarist Orthodox Church
• First Hierarch and Primate: Metropolitan Photius Siromakhov of Sofia (1990)
• First Hierarch and Primate: Metropolitan Photius Siromakhov of Sofia (1990)
• Predecessor Primates: Patriarch Maxim Minkov of Sofia (1971-1990), Patriarch Kyril Konstantinov (1953-1971)
• Formal and Eucharistic Communion: Russian Orthodox Church Outside of Russia of the Agafangel Synod (ROCOR-A), Genuine Orthodox Church of Greece of the Kallinikos Synod (GOC-K),
• Informal Communion: X
• Informal Communion: X
Serbian True Orthodox Church (STOC)
• First Hierarch and Primate: Archbishop Akakije Stankoviฤ of Osijek (2017)
• Predecessor Primates: Archbishop Tikhon Pasechnik (2011-2017), Archbishop Kallinikos Sarantopoulos of Athens (2010-2011), Archbishop Chrysostomos II Kiousis (1996-2010)
• Formal and Eucharistic Communion: Russian Orthodox Church Abroad North America (ROCANA), Romanian Old Calendarist Orthodox Church (BOSVR),
• Informal Communion: X
• Informal Communion: X
Russian Orthodox Church in Exile (ROCE)
• First Hierarch and Primate: Archbishop
• Predecessor Primates: Archbishop
• Formal and Eucharistic Communion: No Current Formal / Eucharistic Communion with any Orthodox Jurisdiction
• Informal Communion: No known current permissible Informal Communion
• Informal Communion: No known current permissible Informal Communion
True Orthodox Church of Russia (TOC-R)
• First Hierarch and Primate: Metropolitan Seraphim Motovilov (1999) (Priorly known as Bishop Raphael Prokopyev)
• Predecessor Primates: Archbishop John Modzalevsky (1997-1999), Metropolitan Dmitri Yarema (1996 - 1997), Catacombniks
• Formal and Eucharistic Communion: Genuine Orthodox Church of Greece of the Avlona Synod (GOC-A), Autonomous Metropolia of North and South America (Autonomous Metropolia)
• Informal Communion: X
• Informal Communion: X
Genuine Orthodox Church of Greece of the Avlona Synod (GOC-A)
• First Hierarch and Primate: Metropolitan Cherubim Doukatas of Vithynia (2021)
• Predecessor Primates: Metropolitan Angelos Anastasiou of Avlona and Viotia (2010-2021)
• Formal and Eucharistic Communion: True Orthodox Church of Russia (TOC-R), Autonomous Metropolia of North and South America (Autonomous Metropolia)
• Informal Communion: X
• Informal Communion: X
Autonomous Metropolia of North and South America and the British Isles (Autonomous Metropolia)
• First Hierarch and Primate: Metropolitan John Lobue of New York
• Predecessor Primates: Archbishop
• Formal and Eucharistic Communion: Genuine Orthodox Church of the Avlona Synod (GOC-A), True Orthodox Church of Russia (TOC-R),
• Informal Communion: X
• Informal Communion: X
Holy Orthodox Church of North America (HOCNA)
• First Hierarch and Primate: Archbishop
• Predecessor Primates: Archbishop
• Formal and Eucharistic Communion: Russian Orthodox Church in Exile
• Informal Communion: X
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• History of GOC Kallinikos: The Genuine Orthodox Church of GOC Kallinikos stems back to the 1930s. 12 years after the change to the Revised Julian aka New Calendar and 15 years after the 1920 Ecumenical Patriarchate Encyclical Unto the Churches of Christ Everywhere'. Most notably 3 Archbishops (Metropolitan Chrysostomos Kavouridis of Florina, Archbishop Germanos Mavrommatis of Demetrias, and Archbishop Chrysostomos Demetriou of Zakynthos) severed Communion with the Church of Greece and got together and formally collectivized the Genuine Orthodox Church of Greece Synod in April of 1935 for the purpose of resisting the New Calendar Change, the starting of some Ecumenistic Activity in the Ecumenical Patriarchate and Church of Greece, and separate from some soft State Persecution by the Greek Government, and which was looked over by Church of Greece, because of continuing to hold to the Patristic Julian Calendar aka Old Calendar. The Genuine Orthodox Church of Greece attracted many Greeks on their side of the division as 1/5 to 1/4 of the Greek Population started attending GOC, aka 'Old Calendarist', Parishes which numbered around 240 Parishes. After the passing of the Metropolitan Chrysostomos of Florina in 1955, whom had not ordained any new Bishops, the Genuine Orthodox Church of Greece was left without any Bishops let alone Archbishops or Metropolitans.
After some years past with GOC and having only Priests and no Bishop, Desfina Native Archimandrite Akakios Papas would eventually go to Detroit and be Consecration by ROCA Archbishops Seraphim Ivanov and Theophilus Ionescu of Sรจvres on December 19th of 1960. Bishop Akakios would then return to Greece and in 1962, Archbishop Leontius Filipovich of Chile would, without discussing the ROCA Synod formally, visited Greece with the purpose of helping to ordain more 5 more Bishops for the Genuine Orthodox Church along with him. The ROCA Synod would not formally recognize these consecrations until a few years later after Holy Metropolitan Philaret becomes the First Hierarch of ROCA and ROCA would even commune with GOC for over a decade to follow. Within the same year, Bishop Akakios would be elevated to the newly created Head Position of Archbishop of Athens and all of Greece and then pass away soon after in 1963 where newly consecrated Bishop Auxentios Patras would become the New Primate of GOC as Archbishop Auxentios. During his tenure and under his Leadership, GOC had a stable Hierarchy again and would expand more into places not only within Greece but also in some places in Europe and America, Canada, and Australia. However, after some debates within the Holy Synod of GOC, Archbishop Auxentios would be Synodally deposed by thee then Hierarchy in 1986 where he, and some Archbishops, would then reject this disposition, seeing it as unfair, and establish GOC of the Auxentios Synod.
After deposition of Archbishop Auxentios, the Genuine Orthodox Church would elect Archbishop Chrysostomos Kiousis as the new Primate and after his passing in 2010, Archbishop Kallinikos Sarantopoulos would be elected the new and current Head and Primate of the Genuine Orthodox Church of the Kallinikos Synod. In 2014, a year after the Death of Metropolitan Cyprian of Oropos and Fyli, the Holy Synod In Resistance (Which had came in succession after the short lived Kallistite Synod (1979-1985) which split from GOC under the prior leadership of Archbishop Auxentios over management disputes and a few ordainings) decided to enter into a full Union and be absorbed into GOC Kallinikos thereby fixing a prior division they had for some decades prior.
• History of GOC Makarios: The Genuine Orthodox Church of GOC Makarios stems back to the 1930s and shares much of the same History of GOC Kallinikos up until the end half of Archbishop Auxentios' Tenure and then Deposition by the Holy Synod of GOC. After Bishop Akakios' elevation to the newly created Head Position of Archbishop of Athens and all of Greece, he would pass away soon after in December of 1963 where recently consecrated Bishop Auxentios Patras would become the New Primate of GOC as Archbishop Auxentios. During his tenure and under his Leadership, GOC had a stable Hierarchy again and would expand more into places not only within Greece but also in some places in Europe and America, Canada, and Australia. However, after some debates within the Holy Synod of GOC, Archbishop Auxentios would be Synodally deposed by thee then Hierarchy in 1986 where he, and some Archbishops, would then reject this deposition, seeing it as unfair and uncanonical, and establish GOC of the Auxentios Synod.
After Archbishop Auxentios' deposition and the establishment of GOC Auxentios, a number of Parishes in North America would remain loyal to Archbishop Auxentios and decide to leave GOC under the newly elected Chrysostomos Kiousis for GOC Auxentios and they would collectively be known as the Holy Orthodox Church of America, aka HOCNA, and have Autonomous Status within it. Archbishop Auxentios would continue heading the Synod until his repose in 1994 where after Archbishop Maximus of Kephalonia would be elected the new Primate. Within a few years shortly after a period of some poor administration and a number of Clergy over time seeking to reconcile with GOC Kiousis, the Synod formally dissolved and HOCNA remained what was left of the Synod. At the same time of the mid 1990s, Six Bishops of GOC Kiousis would split from this Synod due to moral infractions and disagreements in the Synod so the Six Bishops left to go towards the remnants of GOC Auxentios and HOCNA as HOCNA, with some remaining from the GOC Auxentios Clergy, had put forward Archbishop Makarios Kavakidis as Locum Tenens in 2003. In the year following, Archbishop Makarios would go on to be the Primate of the newly established Lamian Synod in continuation of Archbishop Auxentios in 2004 which is better known today as the Genuine Orthodox Church of Greece of the Makarios Synod.
• History of ROAC: Prior to the 1990s before the Creation of ROAC, there was what many of us know as the Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia or the Russian Orthodox Church Abroad (ROCOR or ROCA). ROCA's origins begin after Saint Patriarch Tikhon Bellavin of Moscow issued his Famous 'Ukaz 362' (November 7th of 1920) which allowed Archbishops and Bishops to collectivize separately and self Govern until the Chaos and Pressure and Persecution caused by the Bolsheviks dissipates and their could be a consistent communication between their Diocese and the Patriarchate's Capital. Thus, the Russian Orthodox Church Abroad was born and Most Holy Russian Synod Member Metropolitan Anthony Khrapovitsky would become its First Hierarch and lead the Russian Churches Abroad while a number of Catacomb Churches across the Russian Empire, under a number of Archbishops, would come into existence as the Bolsheviks' Persecution would get harsher and they would take over the lands of Russia in and just after the Revolution. From there, the ROCA operated abroad being Headquartered in the 1920s and early 30s in Serbia, then in Germany in the 1930s and 40s, and then in New York State from the beginning of the 1950s and onward. From Abroad, they continued in their struggle to oppose the Bolsheviks, along with the Russian Catacombs Church, and attending to the Russian Orthodox Flock all while remaining out of Communion with the Homeland Russian Orthodox Church / Moscow Patriarchate after a recollected Synod under Metropolitan Sergius (1925) started to lead it and made very controversial moves to reconcile with the Bolsheviks to try and cease persecution by going abit to far and ignoring the Anathema of 1918 and saying, in the controversial Declaration of 1927, that one can be Orthodox and Loyal to the Soviets "whose joys and successes are our joys and successes..".
As the decades past, and after Three First Hierarchs reigned as the Heads of ROCA (Metropolitans Anthony Khrapovitsky, Anastasius Gribanovsky, and Philaret Voznesensky), we come to the very early 1990s with ROCA being led by its 4th First Hierarch Metropolitan Vitaly Ustinov of Saint Petersburg. The late 1980s brought alot of hope for both in and out of Russia as the Soviet Union was Liberalizing in terms of allowing the Faithful express more Conservative and Religious views and a good deal of Clergy were getting active in Anti Communist Activity while Holy Father Seraphim Rose and others in ROCA were hopeful for the freeing of Russia and the Collapse of Bolshevism and that day would come officially in December of 1991. Just a year and half prior, ROCA was receiving a few Parishes who severed their ties to the Russian Orthodox Church / Moscow Patriarchate and wished be under the Omophorion of ROCA. Then in 1991 and after, when the Soviet Union fell, the process of receiving, obtaining, and building ROCA Parishes across the Ex Soviet Territories increased by quite alot with over 200 ROCA Parishes appearing across Russia.
One famous instance is with the Churches in Suzdal, just North of the City of Vladimir, and the receiving of Archimandrite Valentine Rusantsov in 1990 whom would then be ordained a Bishop in 1991 in Belgium and return to the Vladimir Region. It was from their that Bishop Valentine took part in the 'Free Russian Orthodox Church' for the next few years, before being temporarily suspended by ROCA for a few months, and then joining up with Archbishop Lazar Zhurbenko to continue FROC and cease being under ROCA on the grounds of Ukaz 362 and collectivizing a separate Synod for Russian Orthodox Church at home as ROCA was a Jurisdiction meant for Abroad. In 1995 Archbishop Georgy Grabbe of ROCA would change Jurisdictions and move to the FROC. In the next year, after a failed attempt at reconciliation between them and ROCA, both ROCA and the Russian Orthodox Church would suspend both Archbishops Lazar and Valentine and not recognize their Ordinations of their Bishops such as Future First Hierarch Metropolitan Theodore. In 1997, FROC change its name and become more commonly known as the Russian Orthodox Autonomous Church (ROAC) and continue its administration within the City of Suzdal to this day.
• Informal Communion: X
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• History of GOC Kallinikos: The Genuine Orthodox Church of GOC Kallinikos stems back to the 1930s. 12 years after the change to the Revised Julian aka New Calendar and 15 years after the 1920 Ecumenical Patriarchate Encyclical Unto the Churches of Christ Everywhere'. Most notably 3 Archbishops (Metropolitan Chrysostomos Kavouridis of Florina, Archbishop Germanos Mavrommatis of Demetrias, and Archbishop Chrysostomos Demetriou of Zakynthos) severed Communion with the Church of Greece and got together and formally collectivized the Genuine Orthodox Church of Greece Synod in April of 1935 for the purpose of resisting the New Calendar Change, the starting of some Ecumenistic Activity in the Ecumenical Patriarchate and Church of Greece, and separate from some soft State Persecution by the Greek Government, and which was looked over by Church of Greece, because of continuing to hold to the Patristic Julian Calendar aka Old Calendar. The Genuine Orthodox Church of Greece attracted many Greeks on their side of the division as 1/5 to 1/4 of the Greek Population started attending GOC, aka 'Old Calendarist', Parishes which numbered around 240 Parishes. After the passing of the Metropolitan Chrysostomos of Florina in 1955, whom had not ordained any new Bishops, the Genuine Orthodox Church of Greece was left without any Bishops let alone Archbishops or Metropolitans.
After some years past with GOC and having only Priests and no Bishop, Desfina Native Archimandrite Akakios Papas would eventually go to Detroit and be Consecration by ROCA Archbishops Seraphim Ivanov and Theophilus Ionescu of Sรจvres on December 19th of 1960. Bishop Akakios would then return to Greece and in 1962, Archbishop Leontius Filipovich of Chile would, without discussing the ROCA Synod formally, visited Greece with the purpose of helping to ordain more 5 more Bishops for the Genuine Orthodox Church along with him. The ROCA Synod would not formally recognize these consecrations until a few years later after Holy Metropolitan Philaret becomes the First Hierarch of ROCA and ROCA would even commune with GOC for over a decade to follow. Within the same year, Bishop Akakios would be elevated to the newly created Head Position of Archbishop of Athens and all of Greece and then pass away soon after in 1963 where newly consecrated Bishop Auxentios Patras would become the New Primate of GOC as Archbishop Auxentios. During his tenure and under his Leadership, GOC had a stable Hierarchy again and would expand more into places not only within Greece but also in some places in Europe and America, Canada, and Australia. However, after some debates within the Holy Synod of GOC, Archbishop Auxentios would be Synodally deposed by thee then Hierarchy in 1986 where he, and some Archbishops, would then reject this disposition, seeing it as unfair, and establish GOC of the Auxentios Synod.
After deposition of Archbishop Auxentios, the Genuine Orthodox Church would elect Archbishop Chrysostomos Kiousis as the new Primate and after his passing in 2010, Archbishop Kallinikos Sarantopoulos would be elected the new and current Head and Primate of the Genuine Orthodox Church of the Kallinikos Synod. In 2014, a year after the Death of Metropolitan Cyprian of Oropos and Fyli, the Holy Synod In Resistance (Which had came in succession after the short lived Kallistite Synod (1979-1985) which split from GOC under the prior leadership of Archbishop Auxentios over management disputes and a few ordainings) decided to enter into a full Union and be absorbed into GOC Kallinikos thereby fixing a prior division they had for some decades prior.
• History of GOC Makarios: The Genuine Orthodox Church of GOC Makarios stems back to the 1930s and shares much of the same History of GOC Kallinikos up until the end half of Archbishop Auxentios' Tenure and then Deposition by the Holy Synod of GOC. After Bishop Akakios' elevation to the newly created Head Position of Archbishop of Athens and all of Greece, he would pass away soon after in December of 1963 where recently consecrated Bishop Auxentios Patras would become the New Primate of GOC as Archbishop Auxentios. During his tenure and under his Leadership, GOC had a stable Hierarchy again and would expand more into places not only within Greece but also in some places in Europe and America, Canada, and Australia. However, after some debates within the Holy Synod of GOC, Archbishop Auxentios would be Synodally deposed by thee then Hierarchy in 1986 where he, and some Archbishops, would then reject this deposition, seeing it as unfair and uncanonical, and establish GOC of the Auxentios Synod.
After Archbishop Auxentios' deposition and the establishment of GOC Auxentios, a number of Parishes in North America would remain loyal to Archbishop Auxentios and decide to leave GOC under the newly elected Chrysostomos Kiousis for GOC Auxentios and they would collectively be known as the Holy Orthodox Church of America, aka HOCNA, and have Autonomous Status within it. Archbishop Auxentios would continue heading the Synod until his repose in 1994 where after Archbishop Maximus of Kephalonia would be elected the new Primate. Within a few years shortly after a period of some poor administration and a number of Clergy over time seeking to reconcile with GOC Kiousis, the Synod formally dissolved and HOCNA remained what was left of the Synod. At the same time of the mid 1990s, Six Bishops of GOC Kiousis would split from this Synod due to moral infractions and disagreements in the Synod so the Six Bishops left to go towards the remnants of GOC Auxentios and HOCNA as HOCNA, with some remaining from the GOC Auxentios Clergy, had put forward Archbishop Makarios Kavakidis as Locum Tenens in 2003. In the year following, Archbishop Makarios would go on to be the Primate of the newly established Lamian Synod in continuation of Archbishop Auxentios in 2004 which is better known today as the Genuine Orthodox Church of Greece of the Makarios Synod.
• History of ROAC: Prior to the 1990s before the Creation of ROAC, there was what many of us know as the Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia or the Russian Orthodox Church Abroad (ROCOR or ROCA). ROCA's origins begin after Saint Patriarch Tikhon Bellavin of Moscow issued his Famous 'Ukaz 362' (November 7th of 1920) which allowed Archbishops and Bishops to collectivize separately and self Govern until the Chaos and Pressure and Persecution caused by the Bolsheviks dissipates and their could be a consistent communication between their Diocese and the Patriarchate's Capital. Thus, the Russian Orthodox Church Abroad was born and Most Holy Russian Synod Member Metropolitan Anthony Khrapovitsky would become its First Hierarch and lead the Russian Churches Abroad while a number of Catacomb Churches across the Russian Empire, under a number of Archbishops, would come into existence as the Bolsheviks' Persecution would get harsher and they would take over the lands of Russia in and just after the Revolution. From there, the ROCA operated abroad being Headquartered in the 1920s and early 30s in Serbia, then in Germany in the 1930s and 40s, and then in New York State from the beginning of the 1950s and onward. From Abroad, they continued in their struggle to oppose the Bolsheviks, along with the Russian Catacombs Church, and attending to the Russian Orthodox Flock all while remaining out of Communion with the Homeland Russian Orthodox Church / Moscow Patriarchate after a recollected Synod under Metropolitan Sergius (1925) started to lead it and made very controversial moves to reconcile with the Bolsheviks to try and cease persecution by going abit to far and ignoring the Anathema of 1918 and saying, in the controversial Declaration of 1927, that one can be Orthodox and Loyal to the Soviets "whose joys and successes are our joys and successes..".
As the decades past, and after Three First Hierarchs reigned as the Heads of ROCA (Metropolitans Anthony Khrapovitsky, Anastasius Gribanovsky, and Philaret Voznesensky), we come to the very early 1990s with ROCA being led by its 4th First Hierarch Metropolitan Vitaly Ustinov of Saint Petersburg. The late 1980s brought alot of hope for both in and out of Russia as the Soviet Union was Liberalizing in terms of allowing the Faithful express more Conservative and Religious views and a good deal of Clergy were getting active in Anti Communist Activity while Holy Father Seraphim Rose and others in ROCA were hopeful for the freeing of Russia and the Collapse of Bolshevism and that day would come officially in December of 1991. Just a year and half prior, ROCA was receiving a few Parishes who severed their ties to the Russian Orthodox Church / Moscow Patriarchate and wished be under the Omophorion of ROCA. Then in 1991 and after, when the Soviet Union fell, the process of receiving, obtaining, and building ROCA Parishes across the Ex Soviet Territories increased by quite alot with over 200 ROCA Parishes appearing across Russia.
One famous instance is with the Churches in Suzdal, just North of the City of Vladimir, and the receiving of Archimandrite Valentine Rusantsov in 1990 whom would then be ordained a Bishop in 1991 in Belgium and return to the Vladimir Region. It was from their that Bishop Valentine took part in the 'Free Russian Orthodox Church' for the next few years, before being temporarily suspended by ROCA for a few months, and then joining up with Archbishop Lazar Zhurbenko to continue FROC and cease being under ROCA on the grounds of Ukaz 362 and collectivizing a separate Synod for Russian Orthodox Church at home as ROCA was a Jurisdiction meant for Abroad. In 1995 Archbishop Georgy Grabbe of ROCA would change Jurisdictions and move to the FROC. In the next year, after a failed attempt at reconciliation between them and ROCA, both ROCA and the Russian Orthodox Church would suspend both Archbishops Lazar and Valentine and not recognize their Ordinations of their Bishops such as Future First Hierarch Metropolitan Theodore. In 1997, FROC change its name and become more commonly known as the Russian Orthodox Autonomous Church (ROAC) and continue its administration within the City of Suzdal to this day.
• History of RTOC: The Russian True Orthodox Church shares much of the same History with ROCA and the beginning of the Free Russian Orthodox Church / Russian Orthodox Autonomous Church. As the decades past, and after Three First Hierarchs reigned as the Heads of ROCA (Metropolitans Anthony Khrapovitsky, Anastasius Gribanovsky, and Philaret Voznesensky), we come to the very early 1990s with ROCA being lead by its 4th First Hierarch being Metropolitan Vitaly Ustinov of Saint Petersburg. The late 1980s brought alot of hope for both in and out of Russia as the Soviet Union was Liberalizing in terms of allowing the Faithful express more Conservative and Religious views and a good deal of Clergy were getting active in Anti Communist Activity while Holy Father Seraphim Rose and others in ROCA were hopeful for the freeing of Russia and the Collapse of Bolshevism and that day would come officially in December of 1991. Just a year and half prior, ROCA was receiving a few Parishes who severed their ties to the Moscow Patriarchate and wished be under the Omophorion of ROCA. Then in 1991 and after, when the Soviet Union fell, the process of receiving, obtaining, and building ROCA Parishes across the Ex Soviet Territories increased by quite alot with over 200 ROCA Parishes appearing across Russia.
In mid to late 1990s, after helping to establish and run the Free Russian Orthodox Church, Archbishop Lazar Zhurbenko would decide to start working on an moreover informal structure of a future Russian True Orthodox Church Jurisdiction of which a majority of its Clerics came from the various Russian Catacombs Church Communities that was in areas of Ukraine and Russia while others were those wishing to join under his Omophorion from the Moscow Patriarchate and others becoming recent Clergy under FROC. After 2001, Archbishop Lazar would then join up with ROCOR-Vitaly (ROCOR-V), also known as the Russian Orthodox Church in Exile (ROCE), where a few Bishops would take the very aging and old Metropolitan Vitaly of ROCA, who retired from the Position of First Hierarch in ROCA, into a separate Synod as they viewed the stepping down as bad and not legitimate as they saw the new First Hierarch, Metropolitan Laurus ล kurla, as a bad Hierarch seeking to have a premature Union with the Russian Orthodox Church under Patriarch Alexey II. After a short few years in ROCOR-V and still having positive sympathies with Metropolitan Vitaly, but not seeing eye to eye with other Bishops in the Synod, Archbishop Lazar would leave the Synod in 2003 and officially and formally collectivize and start the Russian True Orthodox Church with Bishop Benjamin Rusalenko and ordained future First Hierarch Tikhon Pasechnik. After the passing of Archbishop Lazar in 2005, Bishop Tikhon Pasechnik would be elected the new First Hierarch and continue running the Russian True Orthodox Church which, like Russian Orthodox Autonomous Church, runs as a Native Rus Jurisdiction and Synod while also having a few overseas Parishes in Europe and North America.
In mid to late 1990s, after helping to establish and run the Free Russian Orthodox Church, Archbishop Lazar Zhurbenko would decide to start working on an moreover informal structure of a future Russian True Orthodox Church Jurisdiction of which a majority of its Clerics came from the various Russian Catacombs Church Communities that was in areas of Ukraine and Russia while others were those wishing to join under his Omophorion from the Moscow Patriarchate and others becoming recent Clergy under FROC. After 2001, Archbishop Lazar would then join up with ROCOR-Vitaly (ROCOR-V), also known as the Russian Orthodox Church in Exile (ROCE), where a few Bishops would take the very aging and old Metropolitan Vitaly of ROCA, who retired from the Position of First Hierarch in ROCA, into a separate Synod as they viewed the stepping down as bad and not legitimate as they saw the new First Hierarch, Metropolitan Laurus ล kurla, as a bad Hierarch seeking to have a premature Union with the Russian Orthodox Church under Patriarch Alexey II. After a short few years in ROCOR-V and still having positive sympathies with Metropolitan Vitaly, but not seeing eye to eye with other Bishops in the Synod, Archbishop Lazar would leave the Synod in 2003 and officially and formally collectivize and start the Russian True Orthodox Church with Bishop Benjamin Rusalenko and ordained future First Hierarch Tikhon Pasechnik. After the passing of Archbishop Lazar in 2005, Bishop Tikhon Pasechnik would be elected the new First Hierarch and continue running the Russian True Orthodox Church which, like Russian Orthodox Autonomous Church, runs as a Native Rus Jurisdiction and Synod while also having a few overseas Parishes in Europe and North America.
• History of ROCOR-A: The Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia of the Agafangel Synod shares much of the same History with ROCA and the beginning of the Free Russian Orthodox Church. As the decades past, and after Three First Hierarchs reigned as the Heads of ROCA (Metropolitans Anthony Khrapovitsky, Anastasius Gribanovsky, and Philaret Voznesensky), we come to the very early 1990s with ROCA being lead by its 4th First Hierarch being Metropolitan Vitaly Ustinov of Saint Petersburg. The late 1980s brought alot of hope for both in and out of Russia as the Soviet Union was Liberalizing in terms of allowing the Faithful express more Conservative and Religious views and a good deal of Clergy were getting active in Anti Communist Activity while Holy Father Seraphim Rose and others in ROCA were hopeful for the freeing of Russia and the Collapse of Bolshevism and that day would come officially in December of 1991. Just a year and half prior, ROCA was receiving a few Parishes who severed their ties to the Moscow Patriarchate and wished be under the Omophorion of ROCA. Then in 1991 and after, when the Soviet Union fell, the process of receiving, obtaining, and building ROCA Parishes across the Ex Soviet Territories increased by quite alot with over 200 ROCA Parishes appearing across Russia.
You can't speak of the ROCOR-A Jurisdiction without speaking of Metropolitan Agafangel Pashkovsky. During the 1990s, Agafangel Pashkovsky was, before being ordained a Bishop, ordained a Hieromonk on September 1st 1991 by Archbishop Lazar Zhurbenko within the Catacombs of the Odessa area. Within 3 years he would then be ordained a Bishop at the Holy Tsar Konstantine Cathedral located in Suzdal, Russia by Archbishop Lazar Zhurbenko, Bishop Valentine Rusantsov, and Bishop Theodore Gineyevsky (All 3 of which would be First Hierarch of their Respective Synods in some duration of time). At this point in time no other Jurisdiction or Synod recognized Agafangel's Consecration as FROC was not in Formal Communion with ROCA anymore however in 1995, with the Transition of FROC to ROAC under Archbishop Valentine, Bishop Agafangel would petition to be accepted into ROCA under First Hierarch Vitaly Ustinov which would be accepted and his Ordination as a Bishop accepted as an act of Oikonomia and became the Ruling Bishop of Simferopol and Crimea. As time went on, the aging Metropolitan Vitaly stepped down and Metropolitan Laurus ล kurla became the New First Hierarch. Initially Bishop Agafangel was alright with Metropolitan Laurus but the rumours of having a Union with the Russian Orthodox Church under Patriarch Alexey II and the indirect and mild communications between ROCA and ROC made Bishop Agafangel worried and displeased.
With the onset of a very highly likely Union to form between ROCA and the Moscow Patriarchate within the next 9 Months or so, Bishop Agafangel, along with some other Clergy, became Non Commemorators. Eventually in May of 2007, nearing the Formal ROCA-MP Union, Bishop Agafangel and a few others severed Communion with ROCA on the grounds of it being a premature and improper Union and Ukaz 362 as reasons for severing from Metropolitan Laurus and on the effort of continuing ROCA. In the same year, Bishop Agafangel would ordain Hieromonk Abbot Andronik Kotliaroff as a Soi Distant Bishop of New York and Hieromonk Sofroniy Musienko as a Soi Distant Bishop of Saint Petersburg. In November of 2008, Bishop Agafangel would formally become the First Hierarch and Metropolitan Agafangel of ROCOR-A. As of today, despite holding the Title of Metropolitan of New York and Eastern America, Metropolitan Agafangel resides in the Major City of Odessa and is the Rector of the Church of the Holy Archangel Michael around the Moldavanka District.
You can't speak of the ROCOR-A Jurisdiction without speaking of Metropolitan Agafangel Pashkovsky. During the 1990s, Agafangel Pashkovsky was, before being ordained a Bishop, ordained a Hieromonk on September 1st 1991 by Archbishop Lazar Zhurbenko within the Catacombs of the Odessa area. Within 3 years he would then be ordained a Bishop at the Holy Tsar Konstantine Cathedral located in Suzdal, Russia by Archbishop Lazar Zhurbenko, Bishop Valentine Rusantsov, and Bishop Theodore Gineyevsky (All 3 of which would be First Hierarch of their Respective Synods in some duration of time). At this point in time no other Jurisdiction or Synod recognized Agafangel's Consecration as FROC was not in Formal Communion with ROCA anymore however in 1995, with the Transition of FROC to ROAC under Archbishop Valentine, Bishop Agafangel would petition to be accepted into ROCA under First Hierarch Vitaly Ustinov which would be accepted and his Ordination as a Bishop accepted as an act of Oikonomia and became the Ruling Bishop of Simferopol and Crimea. As time went on, the aging Metropolitan Vitaly stepped down and Metropolitan Laurus ล kurla became the New First Hierarch. Initially Bishop Agafangel was alright with Metropolitan Laurus but the rumours of having a Union with the Russian Orthodox Church under Patriarch Alexey II and the indirect and mild communications between ROCA and ROC made Bishop Agafangel worried and displeased.
With the onset of a very highly likely Union to form between ROCA and the Moscow Patriarchate within the next 9 Months or so, Bishop Agafangel, along with some other Clergy, became Non Commemorators. Eventually in May of 2007, nearing the Formal ROCA-MP Union, Bishop Agafangel and a few others severed Communion with ROCA on the grounds of it being a premature and improper Union and Ukaz 362 as reasons for severing from Metropolitan Laurus and on the effort of continuing ROCA. In the same year, Bishop Agafangel would ordain Hieromonk Abbot Andronik Kotliaroff as a Soi Distant Bishop of New York and Hieromonk Sofroniy Musienko as a Soi Distant Bishop of Saint Petersburg. In November of 2008, Bishop Agafangel would formally become the First Hierarch and Metropolitan Agafangel of ROCOR-A. As of today, despite holding the Title of Metropolitan of New York and Eastern America, Metropolitan Agafangel resides in the Major City of Odessa and is the Rector of the Church of the Holy Archangel Michael around the Moldavanka District.
• History of ROCANA: The Russian Orthodox Church Abroad North America most of the same History with ROCOR-A and the Russian Orthodox Church Abroad before that. As the decades past, and after Three First Hierarchs reigned as the Heads of ROCA (Metropolitans Anthony Khrapovitsky, Anastasius Gribanovsky, and Philaret Voznesensky), we come to the very early 1990s with ROCA being lead by its 4th First Hierarch being Metropolitan Vitaly Ustinov of Saint Petersburg. The late 1980s brought alot of hope for both in and out of Russia as the Soviet Union was Liberalizing in terms of allowing the Faithful express more Conservative and Religious views and a good deal of Clergy were getting active in Anti Communist Activity while Holy Father Seraphim Rose and others in ROCA were hopeful for the freeing of Russia and the Collapse of Bolshevism and that day would come officially in December of 1991. Just a year and half prior, ROCA was receiving a few Parishes who severed their ties to the Moscow Patriarchate and wished be under the Omophorion of ROCA. Then in 1991 and after, when the Soviet Union fell, the process of receiving, obtaining, and building ROCA Parishes across the Ex Soviet Territories increased by quite alot with over 200 ROCA Parishes appearing across Russia.
With the onset of a very highly likely Union to form between ROCA and the Moscow Patriarchate within the next 9 Months or so, Bishop Agafangel, along with some other Clergy, became Non Commemorators. Eventually in May of 2007, nearing the Formal ROCA-MP Union, Bishop Agafangel and a few others severed Communion with ROCA on the grounds of it being a premature and improper Union and Ukaz 362 as reasons for severing from Metropolitan Laurus and on the effort of continuing ROCA. In the same year, Bishop Agafangel would ordain Hieromonk Abbot Andronik Kotliaroff as a Soi Distant Bishop of New York and Hieromonk Sofroniy Musienko as a Soi Distant Bishop of Saint Petersburg. In November of 2008, Bishop Agafangel would formally become the First Hierarch and Metropolitan Agafangel of ROCOR-A.
In 2017, after about 10 years with ROCOR-A under Metropolitan Agafangel, Bishop Andronik Kotliaroff, along with a few other Bishops and Clergy, decided to part ways with Metropolitan Agafangel and collectivize a New Synod called the 'Russian Orthodox Church Abroad North America' in the State of New York in America. Bishop Andronik cited his lead to part ways with Metropolitan Agafangel was due to his actions of Semi Papal like Reign as the First Hierarch and for making a few remarks of Semi Ecumenist Nature even a few written Articles of his. As of now, ROCANA under Archbishop Andronik is Headquartered in Middleburgh in Upstate New York with Parishes in America, Canada, Europe, and Australia and currently communes with the STOC and BOSVR.
• History of BOSVR: The Romanian Old Calendarist Orthodox Church (BOSVR) stems back to the 1950s as a Formal and Separate Orthodox Synod however Old Calendarists can be found as far back as the 1920s. In 1924, after the Ecumenical Patriarchate (After the backdrop of a very unsuccessful Council in Constantinople in 1923) changed to the Revised Julian Calendar aka New Calendar in 1924, the Romanian Orthodox Church followed suit and New Patriarch Miron Cristea opted to change from the Traditional Patristic Julian Calendar, aka the Old Calendar, for the Revised Julian Calendar, aka the New Calendar. Hieromonk Glicherie Tฤnase and Hierodeacon David Bidaศcu were among the prominent critiques and opposers of the New Calendar Introduction and in 1926 and 1929 would witness the huge controversey and breaking of the Second Ecumenical Council when Patriarch Miron Cristea had ordered Celebration of Pascha according to the Gregorian Calendar with the Roman Catholics. Such acts caused a great uproar from Laity and a good deal of Bishops and Priests alike and a good deal of Bishops considered fully breaking, some were Non Commemorators for a time, and numerous Laity went to Old Calendarist Functioning Parishes within Romania along with White Russian รmigrรฉs whom were recently in the Romanian Nation due to the Bolshevik Revolution. By the end of the 1920s, on top of some of the already functioning Old Calendar Parishes within BOR, Hieromonk Glicherie helped to establish 40 Old Calendar Parishes within Romania and, in particular, around the Carpathian Mountains.
During the end of the 1920s and very early 1930s, Hieromonk Glicherie went on an adventure across the Mediterranean with his First Stop in Mount Athos and then making his way to Jerusalem where he sought approval for the Old Calendar Movement and Patriarch Demetrius the First would make his word of support for Hieromonk Glicherie to resist the Innovations under Patriarch Miron Cristea. Hieromonk Glicherie would return to Romania after his visit and stay in Jerusalem and in early 1925 him and Hieromonk Ghimnazie and another Monk would journey to Greece after hearing about the Collectivizing of the GOC of Greece. They journeyed through Serbia to Athens to ask the GOC for support and possibly receiving Ordinations from their Bishops. The GOC would state that they support their Movement and agreed to Ordination but unfortunately because of some of the Chaos to come out of the Creation of the GOC, plus having to wait on Metropolitan Chrysostomos who was stuck in Jerusalem halfly because of the Greek State, the Civil Authorities made this difficult and all 3 ended up leaving Athens where the two other Monks returned to Romania and Hieromonk Glicherie went to Belgrade to garner support from ROCA. It was there in Belgrade where Archbishop Anastasius Gribanovsky would also approve of his Movement and Consecration of Bishops for the Movement however Archbishop Anastasius could not do it himself currently so he told the Hieromonk to go to Budapest to see Archbishop Seraphim. Unfortunately when he arrived, the Archbishop had left to Vienna so Hieromonk Glicherie, running low on money, returned back to Romania without coming with any Archbishops for consecration of new Clergy and new Bishops.
In the very late 30s the attacks and harassment of Old Calendarists decreased significantly to what it was and after the passing of Patriarch Miron Cristea and the New Government of Ion Antonescu and the Iron Guard, the Persecution ceased against the Old Calendarists and the Movement freely built more Parishes in a few areas of Romania. During the 1940s, the new Patriarch Nikodim invited Hieromonk Glicherie and Hierodeacon David to negotiate on behalf of their respective Communities and resolve the issue. While the Negotiations were going well, they ultimately ended in no full agreement so the two Clergy went on their way to their Old Calendar Parishes While they remained Bishop less for this time, that would soon change. After the chaos of the Second World War and the uncertainty of Romania as a few Generals and the King had co reign with some Communist Figures in 1946/1947, Bishop Galaktion Cordun would be contacted by the Hieromonk and a few other Clergy of the Movement in order for him to be the leading Bishop of the Movement. After the 1950 the new Communist Government would be installed and persecutions would begin in the new Iron Curtain Member Nation of Romania, in 1952 Bishop Galaktion would making his way into supporting the Old Calendar Movement much more and decided to be its new leader. In the Spring of 1955, Bishop Galaktion Cordun, after some time, would formalize the Creation of BOSVR and be named its First Hierarch and Metropolitan and in 2 years, seeing as no other Bishops were currently available and he was aging, decided to ordain new Bishops himself starting with Hieroschemamonk Glicherie and then Metropolitan Galaktion and Archbishop Glicherie would ordain Evloghie Oลฃa and Meftodie Marinache to become Bishops as well. In Fall of the same year, Venerable Grigorie of Neochesariei would also be ordained as an Archbishop.
Throughout the Communist years, BOSVR saw mild Persecution and some of its Clergy arrested and thrown in Jail or into Hard Labour Camps, such as Metropolitan Silvestru Onofrei, and in 1985 the Holy Hierarch Glicherie would pass onto the Lord with the next in line to become the First Hierarch would be Metropolitan Silvestru whom would see Romania freed from Communism and start to grow the Church even more afterwards. In 1999, the BOSVR Synod Formally Canonized Holy Hierarch Glicherie after further finding his Relics to be Incorrupt. Today BOSVR holds more than ~1.5 - 2.5 Million Adherent Faithful in Romania alone and has Communion with the Russian Orthodox Church Abroad North America and the Serbian True Orthodox Church.
• History of OCOCB: After the recommuning of the Ecumenical Patriarchate and the Calendar Change within the Bulgarian Orthodox Church in 1968, a number of Bishops within the Bulgarian Patriarchate were very displeased and saw the Church going towards a bad Path. Within the early 1980s, a few Clergy of the Bulgarian Orthodox Church would eventually go to the Holy Synod in Resistance under Metropolitan Cyprian Koutsoumpas of Oropos and Fyli and operate some Churches within Bulgaria. After the fall of the Soviet Bloc and garnering some influx of more Laity and Clergy, and with the prospects of reunion with the Bulgarian Orthodox Church unattainable, the Bulgarian Clerics under HSR would become the Old Calendar Orthodox Church of Bulgaria in 1993 from a Tomos of Autocephaly from Metropolitan Cyprian. It's First Hierarch and only Leader so far would be that of Metropolitan Photius Siromakhov of Triaditsa whom was a closer follower of Hieromonk Seraphim Alexiev whom was another Cleric disgruntled about the Calendar Change and Communing with the EP and some Ecumenistic Activities of the Bulgarian Orthodox Church (Along with other semi famous Clerics of the time such as Archimandrites Sergius Yazadzhiev, Panteleimon Staritsky, Hieromonk Seraphim Dmitrievsky. All of whom were close to Holy Archbishop Seraphim Sobolev). Today and currently, the OCOCB boasts a number of Churches across and currently only within Bulgaria and communes with GOC Kallinikos and ROCOR Agafangel.
• History of STOC: The Serbian True Orthodox Church stems back to 3 Serbian Hieromonks whom started their Journey back to Serbia after some years of being Monastics on Mount Athos, most notably the Non Commemorating Monastery of Esphigmenou in the later years, in pursuit of steering Orthodox Serbs on the True Orthodox Path. Most notably of the 3 Hieromonks was Akakije Utesiteljevski Stankoviฤ who was the leader of the three and who was part of the Serbian Orthodox Church just prior to joining Esphigmenou in 1993 and severing ties with them. In 1996, him and two other Hieromonks decided to Journey back to Serbia and set up the Holy Monastery of Methodius and Cyril in Fruลกka Gora located in Northwest Serbia and just Southeast of the Major City of Novi Sad. Starting in 1997, he and the 2 other Hieromonks were accepted into GOC Chrysostomos (What would be GOC Kallinikos today) and GOC would further ordain a few more Clergy for Serbia. Due to disagreements surrounding greater Autonomy for the Serbian Clergy and a future for the Serbian True Orthodox, Hieromonk Akakije and the other Serbia Clerics left the GOC under the basis of the 74th canon of the Carthaginian Council and went to the Russian True Orthodox Church under Archbishop Tikhon of Omsk in 2010.
A few years later on August 15th of 2011, he and two there Clergy were ordained as Bishops by the RTOC at the Lesna Monastery in France which was a very Historic Monastery of ROCOR in Western Europe and the Serbian True Orthodox Church would be born. After some time communing with the RTOC, in 2014 the First Hierarch Archbishop Akakije and the STOC decided to severe Communion with the RTOC because of some changes of their Position in questioning the Legitimacy of GOC-K, stemming from a Protopriest who became the new Secretary, and the acceptance of some defrocked GOC Priests. Today Archbishop Akakije continues running the Serbian True Orthodox Church from the Headquarters of Ralja, just South of Belgrade, with multiple Parishes in differing regions of Serbia. The STOC started its Formal Communion with ROCANA in 2017 and in 2025 both the STOC and ROCANA entered into Communion with BOSVR.
• History of TOC-R: The True Orthodox Church of Russia begins after springing out of the Catacombs after the Collapse of the Soviet Union and started from Metropolitan Seraphim Motovilov. Metropolitan Seraphim's Story begins in the mid to late 1980s, deciding to join the Catacombs Church as a Monastic, being known as Monk Raphael Prokopyev, after some Service in the Soviet Army as a Colonel. By the mid 1990s and after the collapse of the Soviet Union, Hieromonk Raphael Prokopyev joined up with the Ukrainian Orthodox Autonomous Church (UOAC), which was a early 90s Church started from a few Catacombs Bishops, and was then ordained a Vicar Bishop in 1996. By the next year in June, after negotiations between the UOAC and what would later to evolve to the Schismatic 'OCU' under Metropolitan Epiphanius of Kiev, a good deal of the UOAC Clergy would join with the OCU. As a result, the RTOC, being cultivated by Bishop Lazar Zhurbenko, grew more within the Region and Bishop Raphael would be accepted as a Bishop to the RTOC. With his acceptance into the RTOC, in September Bishop Raphael had his ordinations corrected as it was established that all the Ordinations of the UOAC were invalid and as a result he was allowed to remain a Bishop within the RTOC.
In 1998 came the question of filling the Firm and Permanent Position of First Hierarch and leader, and some 7 Bishops or so, such as Archbishop Ambrose Katamadzeh and Archbishop Stefan Linitsky, rallied to elect now Archbishop Raphael as the First Hierarch but this choice was not approved by most other Bishops. After some of the supporting Bishops started to argue for their choice and there was some minor Division within the RTOC, Archbishop Raphael decided to step down from doing Pastoral works for the time being and be a simple Layperson. In 2001, Ex Archbishop Raphael decided to pick up where he was and start inquiring back into working as an Archbishop again under the new name Archbishop Seraphim. Abit later he also changed his last name from Prokopyev to Motovilov as to relate more to his one Ancestor who was a Spiritual Child of Saint Seraphim of Sarov which he claims lineage to. After some time and picking up the Mantle of Archbishop again forming a new Synod, in July of 2003, 5 Archbishops of this newly concocted Synod decided to elect Archbishop Seraphim as Metropolitan of Moscow and all the Rus and that Metropolitan Seraphim was Locum Tenens of the Patriarchate of Russia. It was on this year that the True Orthodox Church of Russia formally started.
The True Orthodox Church of Russia runs a number of Parishes in Moscow and around the Moscow Region and holds some Parishes in a few other Regions of Russia, Ukrainian Region, and some of South America. Since around 2010, Metropolitan Seraphim Motovilov and the TOCR Synod has maintained Formal Communion with GOC Avlona and the Autonomous Metropolia in America.
• History of GOC-A: The Genuine Orthodox Church of Avlona is a fairly new Greek Synod to come about in the 21st Century and was created by Metropolitan Angelos Anastasiou of Avlona and Viotia in the early 2000s. Metropolitan Angelos started his Journey in the Faith studying in Theology and afterwards running a Convent in the Church of Greece as a Archimandrite. Later he decided to turn towards True Orthodox Synods and in the mid 1980s, went to the Holy Synod in Resistance under Metropolitan Cyprian Koutsoumpas of Oropos and Fyli. In September of 1996, Archimandrite Angelos would be consecrated a Bishop within the HSR by Metropolitan Cyprian himself and Bishop Agafangel Pashkovsky of ROCA. Bishop Angelos would later change Synods in the very early 2000s and join GOC Makarios for a short time before hopping over to the Milan Synod in 2008. After joining the Milan Synod, Bishop Angelos would again leave another Synod and left the Milan Synod in 2009 to then start up his own Synod in the large town of Avlona in Greece which we know of today as the Genuine Orthodox Church of Avlona. Metropolitan Angelos would go on to obtain Formal Communion around 2010 with the True Orthodox Church of Russia and the Autonomous Metropolia of America and in 2021 he would pass away where Archbishop Cherubim Doukatas would become the new Primate. Today, GOC-A has Parishes in Greece, Bulgaria, Romania, Georgia, France, and the Americas.
• History of the Autonomous Metropolia: The Autonomous Metropolia stems its History back to the Milan Synod which started as an Autonomous Jurisdiction with the Genuine Orthodox Church of Greece under Archbishop Auxentios Pastras of Athens. Just before the Creation of the Milan Synod, Archbishop Auxentios had accepted and ordained 3 Clergy to be Bishops within Portugal (Gabriel, Tiago, and Teodoro) with the namely of them being Archbishop Gabriel de Rocha who prior was an Archimandrite within ROCA and saw that the Portuguese Mission was not being worked on to its fullest potential. He would go on to become the Metropolitan of Lisbon and Braga of the Western European Diocese of the GOC of Greece. In 1984, Archbishop Evloghius Hessler of Milan and Aquileia (Along with Archbishop Gregorios, Archbishop Vigile, and some other Clergy under / around them) would join the GOC of Greece from the Russian Orthodox Church under Patriarch Pimen the First and bring a number of Parishes with him. He would serve under the Autonomous Western European Diocese under Metropolitan Gabriel of Lisbon and this Synod would also now operate a few Western Rite Parishes while primarily sticking to the Orthodox Byzantine Divine Liturgy. In the same year, Archbishop Auxentios would issue a Tomos of Autocephaly to the Western European Diocese and the beginning of the Holy Synod of Milan would commence with Parishes in Portugal, Spain, France, Italy, Switzerland, England, America, and even South Africa. However by 1987, the relations between the HSM Primate Metropolitan Gabriel and Archbishop Auxentios started to deteriorate as Metropolitan Gabriel had a difficult conscious attempting to grasp the Genuine Orthodox view of Grace within the Mainline Orthodox Jurisdictions / Patriarchates and this eventually led him, and Archbishops Tiago and Teodoro, to take their Parishes in Portugal and join the Polish Orthodox Church under their Primate Metropolitan Basil Doroszkiewicz of Warsaw in 1989.
After their departure, Archbishop Evloghius would become the new Metropolitan of the Holy Synod of Milan which would continue operating well into the rest of the 1990s. During the 1990s, the Holy Synod of Milan would mingle with Communion with the UOAC and dip its fingers in the pond of activity in Post Soviet Ukraine. After the 1990s, the Synod continued to manage as it did however some Clergy, including Metropolitan Evloghius, started to follow towards the same path of the prior Metropolitan Gabriel de Rocha and start leaning towards going back to Patriarchates. Near the end half of the 2000s, Metropolitan Evloghius found himself inching more and more towards taking the Synod to make a union with the Russian Orthodox Church and fall under its Omophorion. Numerous Clerics within some of Europe and in the Americas were very concerned towards that direction and opposed Union with ROC under Patriarch Kirill. Before Metropolitan Evloghius would make the decision to rejoin with ROC, he would issue a Tomos of Autocephaly to the Autonomous Metropolia of North America in 2010 before leaving to Commune with ROC in 2013 and changing from the Holy Synod of Milan to the Orthodox Exarchate of Longobardia.
Since 2010, the Autonomous Metropolia of North and South America and the British Isles has been led by their Primate Metropolitan Johnathan Lobue of New York and holds Formal Communion with the GOC Avlona and the TOCR and maintains Parishes in America, Canada, Colombia, Ireland, United Kingdom, and the Philippines.
• Holy Orthodox Church of North America: The Origins of HOCNA start back in the very early 1960s which stemmed from the Russian Orthodox Church Abroad. As ROCA preached Orthodoxy across the World in places like America and Canada, some Greek Genuine Orthodox Christians and other Greek Orthodox Christians, who were dissatisfied with the Ecumenical Patriarchate and GOArch and didn't have a GOC Parish to go to, started attending and communing within the Russian Orthodox Church Abroad. In the 1960s, with the Election of Patriarch Athenagoras Spyrou the First and Iakovos Coucouzis of America, the number of Greek Orthodox coming to ROCA started increasing which also included those of Clerical Status. Some ROCA Parishes were even made up of Primarily Greeks (Since some Parishes defected from GOArch to ROCA) and there started one of the more prominent and famous of the few ROCA Greek Parish known as the Holy Transfiguration Monastery and the beginnings of Archimandrite Panteleimon Metropoulos. Hence why Greeks in ROCA were sometimes called Panteleimonites. While there was some disagreements between some of the close followers and similar thinking Clerics of Archimandrite Panteleimon and the Russian side of ROCA, Holy Transfiguration Monastery started growing as a Monastery and publishing some nice Publications and Literature and garnering a few more Parishes and taking in some Converts across America through the 1960s and 1970s. That was until the unfortunate reports of some sexual abuse allegations against Archimandrite Panteleimon for a few years in the 1980s which resulted in the ROCA Synod under Metropolitan Vitaly dismissing Archimandrite Panteleimon which he agreed to only after affirming his denial of the Allegations in May of 1986. On top of that they also dismissed Hieromonk Isaac and Hieromonk Ephraim and made all 3 ineligible to be the New Abbot of the Holy Transfiguration Monastery.
Contrary to the declaration of ROCA, the Monks of HTM decided to elect Hieromonk Isaac as the new Abbot of HTM and later in the same year in November, the ROCA Synod made a decision to forbid Archimandrite Panteleimon and Hieromonk Isaac from the Priesthood temporarily until further notice. Without waiting a proper and firm decision on their Status, Holy Transfiguration Monastery decided to severe ties and communion with ROCA on the grounds of unjust actions on not solid allegations against some of their Clergy and they hold a slightly differing view of Grace on the Mainline Jurisdictions and disliking ROCA's Contacts with the Patriarchates of Serbia and Jerusalem. This resulted in some Parishes following HTM to come under the Omophorion of Archbishop Auxentios under the Genuine Orthodox Church of the Auxentios Synod. In 1989, Hieromonk Macarius of Toronto and Hieromonk Ephraim of Boston would be ordained Bishops by the Synod Hierarchs and would be in charge of overlooking and managing their Parishes in America which would form the Autonomous 'Boston Synod'. Then in 1995, the Boston Synod would then form the Autocephalous Synod of the Holy Orthodox Church of America aka HOCNA. Today HOCNA holds a number of Parishes in the Americas Region on top of a few small Parishes in Latvia, Georgia, and Egypt.
• History of ROCE: The Russian Orthodox Church in Exile shares much of the same History as the Russian Orthodox Church Abroad and started in 2001. The Russian Orthodox Church in Exile was also first called ROCA Vitaly or ROCOR Vitaly and began after Metropolitan Vitaly Ustinov essentially decided to step down as the First Hierarch of ROCA and had Archbishop Laurus ล kurla rise to the Position of Metropolitan and made the Fifth First Hierarch of ROCA. The reason being was due to Metropolitan Vitaly getting very old and into his 90s, and with that came some issues with his Memory and thinking, and his Negative View of Anti Union with the Russian Orthodox Church / Moscow Patriarchate was less prominent among a number of Bishops and Clergy whom were becoming more optimistic of Union with ROC. While the Jubilee Council of 2000 softened his Anti Union Stance, Metropolitan Vitaly was still opposed to what was considered a 'Premature Union' and he View was leaning more in the Minority among the Holy Synod as other Bishops were Neutral Positive or Positive on the Prospects of Union with the ROC under Patriarch Alexey the Second.
After stepping down and feeling sort of outcasted as Metropolitan Vitaly could not do as much given the shift of Views on the matter, Metropolitan Vitaly stayed residing in the New York Synodal House within a few months of stepping down, Bishops Varnava Prokofiev and Veniamin Zhukov decided to come and gather the aging and slowly psychologically aging Ex First Hierarch Vitaly Ustinov and take him with them to the ROCA Masonville Transfiguration Skete in September. By the beginning of October, Metropolitan Vitaly, but with the signatures of 3 other Bishops, made a Statement saying Metropolitan Vitaly does not fully agree to stepping down as First Hierarch and will continue to be the First Hierarch of the Russian Orthodox Church Abroad and so ROCOR Vitaly, or the Russian Orthodox Church in Exile (ROCE), began in Masonville in Quebec. The Synod was led by First Hierarch Vitaly Ustinov whom was joined by Clergy such as Archbishop Varnava Prokofiev, Archbishop Veniamin Zhukov, Archbishop Vladimir Tselishchev, Bishop Antony Orlov, Bishop Varfolomew Vorobyov, Bishop Roman (Radu) Apostolescu, Bishop Anastasius Surzhik, Bishop Sergiy Kindyakov, Bishop Victor Pivovarov, and Archpriests Veniamin Zhukov, Antony Rudei, and Nikolai Semenov. Bishops Lazar Zhurbenko and Veniamin Rusalenko were also part of the ROCE for a time before going to Odessa and formally starting the Russian True Orthodox Church.
After a few years since the start of the Synod, ROCOR Vitaly would start off with Parishes in America, Canada, UK, France, Belgium, Ukraine, and Russia mostly. Unfortunately Metropolitan Vitaly was not long to reign and on September 25th of 2006 he would pass away. During his Tenure, there was always some claims of Bishops influencing or using Metropolitan Vitaly to one extent or another within ROCE by a number of People in ROCOR especially since any time any Cleric tried to meet with him they would be denied and the same claim would appear within the Synod. After the passing of Metropolitan Vitaly, ROCE was not long to live united as some Bishops in the Synod faced Disagreement. In November of 2005, since Metropolitan Vitaly's Health was becoming poor, Archbishop Antony Orlov was the Deputy Chairman of the Synod and its De facto Head. Archbishop Antony was supported by Bishop Victor Pivovarov and both helped to ordain 2 new Bishops whom were Stefan Babayev and Damaskin Balabanov while there was some subtle and growing opposition from Archbishop Veniamin Zhukov and Archpriest Veniamin Zhukov. In June of 2006, Archbishop Vladimir Tselishchev and Archpriest Veniamin Zhukov would issue a Statement saying that Archbishops Antony Orlov and Victor Pivovarov were going about a few Uncanonical Actions and they were trying to aim for Power and take Leadership in a less than favorable manner. In July, Archbishop Antony and Victor, along with Bishops Stefan and Damaskin, conducted a Council Meeting, aka the 'Candle Council' as it was in the Candle Making Room of the Masonville Skete, in July of 2006 where they decided to make a Synodal Statement that the Moscow Patriarchate was Graceless which was the First Synodal Statement ever made on the matter. The rest of ROCOR Vitaly saw this as an overstep and came together, along with Metropolitan Vitaly, to call this out as it went just abit to far and the Candle Council's Decision was invalid.
After this Action, Metropolitan Vitaly, Archbishop Vladimir, Bishop Varfolomew, and Archpriest Veniamin would sign off on a Statement temporarily suspending the Activities of Archbishop Antony and Victor however given the timing it was issued and how they were not together to sign it nor was their a Synod convened, the two Archbishops called it as an invalid and premature statement and in addition to being uncanonical and foul play. Just after the Statement was released, Bishop Varfolomew would also affirm that he did not sign onto the Statement nor take part in such a Decision. Soon after Bishops Antony and Victor would dismiss this Statement, Bishops Vladimir Tselishchev, Anastasius Surzhik, and recently ordained Antony Rudei would reaffirm the Statement being applicable. After the Death of Metropolitan Vitaly on September 25th, majority of ROCE Synodal Bishops, among some other Bishops, would come together to convene a Council on who the new First Hierarch would be though there was much disagreement on this issue so it was decided to have the most highest ordained Archbishop Vladimir Tselishchev to lead ROCE until a real decision was made.
Just after the passing of Metropolitan Vitaly, Archbishop Antony Orlov and Victor Pivovarov would move onto Saint Petersburg and take a number of Parishes with them in their self proclaimed Synod called the 'Russian Orthodox Church' or as we commonly know as ROCE Orlov. On November 21st of 2006, supporters of Archpriest Veniamin Zhukov would make a decree, on behalf of Varfolomew Vorobyov and Antony Rudei, saying that the Synod would send Bishop Anastasius Surzhik into retirement. Naturally this received opposition from Bishop Anastasius and Archbishop Vladimir would support him. In the next year, Bishop Antony Rudei would affirm putting Bishop Anastasius into retirement which created more strife and internal conflict. In January of 2008, after many ROCE Clergy found Bishop Antony becoming very divisive and a creator of internal strife, Bishop Antony Rudei would severe Communion and split off of ROCE to start his own Synod in Moldova which was named the 'Moldovan True Orthodox Church'. Today and for the time being, the ROCE Synod has fallen to unfortunate division and is divided into 4 different Synods being ROCE Orlov, ROCE Vladimir, ROCE Antony, and later ROCE Damaskin. Neither ROCOR Vitaly nor after its split offs ever had maintained any Formal and Rigid Communion with any other Synod with the only exception being that of ROCE Vladimir having Informal Communion with HOCNA.
Just after the passing of Metropolitan Vitaly, Archbishop Antony Orlov and Victor Pivovarov would move onto Saint Petersburg and take a number of Parishes with them in their self proclaimed Synod called the 'Russian Orthodox Church' or as we commonly know as ROCE Orlov. On November 21st of 2006, supporters of Archpriest Veniamin Zhukov would make a decree, on behalf of Varfolomew Vorobyov and Antony Rudei, saying that the Synod would send Bishop Anastasius Surzhik into retirement. Naturally this received opposition from Bishop Anastasius and Archbishop Vladimir would support him. In the next year, Bishop Antony Rudei would affirm putting Bishop Anastasius into retirement which created more strife and internal conflict. In January of 2008, after many ROCE Clergy found Bishop Antony becoming very divisive and a creator of internal strife, Bishop Antony Rudei would severe Communion and split off of ROCE to start his own Synod in Moldova which was named the 'Moldovan True Orthodox Church'. Today and for the time being, the ROCE Synod has fallen to unfortunate division and is divided into 4 different Synods being ROCE Orlov, ROCE Vladimir, ROCE Antony, and later ROCE Damaskin. Neither ROCOR Vitaly nor after its split offs ever had maintained any Formal and Rigid Communion with any other Synod with the only exception being that of ROCE Vladimir having Informal Communion with HOCNA.
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